A permutation of can be represented in one-line notation as . If all permutations are written in lexicographic order then is the position of in this 1-based list.
For example, because the six permutations of in lexicographic order are:
For a positive integer , we define the following permutation of with :
where is the inverse permutation of .
Define , where is the permutation arising from applying times. For example, , and .