Consider a circle where distinct points have been marked on its circumference.
A cutting consists of connecting the points with line segments, so that no two line segments intersect, including on their end points. The line segments then cut the circle into pieces.Each piece is painted either black or white, so that adjacent pieces are opposite colours.Let be the absolute difference between the numbers of black and white pieces under the cutting .
Let be the sum of over all different cuttings .For example, there are five different cuttings with .
The upper three cuttings all have because there are two black and two white pieces; the lower two cuttings both have because there are three black and one white pieces.Therefore . You are also given .